Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a chronic pain condition that can develop following an injury to an arm or leg, surgery or, in some cases, an infection. The exact cause of CRPS is not fully understood. People with CRPS often experience pain that is more severe or prolonged than would typically be expected from the original injury or underlying condition.
There are two types of CRPS. Type I occurs after an illness or injury that did not directly damage the nerves in the affected limb, while Type II occurs after a distinct nerve injury.
- Significant pain
- Spreading pain from the initial injury to the entire limb
- Swelling and redness
- Poor muscle strength and movement
- Skin changes in the affected body part, including temperature, colour and texture
- Changes in hair and nail growth
- Forceful trauma to an arm or leg, such as a crushing injury or fracture
- Surgery
- Sprains or strains
- The exact causes are not fully understood
- History and mechanism of any injury
- Clinical examination
- Imaging or electromyography (EMG)
Treatment often involves several approaches, including pain-relieving medications, physiotherapy or occupational therapy, psychological support and, in some cases, trigger point injections or nerve blocks.
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